What’s the difference between CAT3 and CAT5 cable?
I’m assuming they are more or less the same except the cat5 has more wires for other purposes, but the red and the green wires in each cable are for the same applications?
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Cat 3 is an unshielded twisted pair cable to carry data up to about 10 mbit/s.
Cat 5 cable generally is 4 twisted pair wires and is usually shielded to carry data up to about 100 mbit/s (ethernet for example) although the IEEE has some specs up to the gigabit range.
The primary difference between CAT3 and CAT5 wiring is bandwidth. Many tweaks were added to the CAT5 standard to minimize impedance discontinuities in the end to end circuit. As far as the cable itself goes, the primary difference is tighter control of the number of twists per inch. Other factors that affect impedance also come into play. Conductor and insulation thickness matter, but the uniformity of the twisted pair is the big issue. Practically speaking, CAT3 cable terminated to CAT5 interconnect standards can rival CAT5 performance. However, the bandwidth is not guaranteed.